Tag: flour quality

Alveograph vs. Farinograph: Which Rheology Test Is Right for Your Mill?

Dough rheology sits at the heart of flour quality specification. Two instruments dominate this space in commercial flour laboratories: the Chopin Alveograph and the Brabender Farinograph. Both assess how dough behaves under mechanical stress, but they do so in fundamentally different ways — and each is better suited to particular applications. The Farinograph: Mixing Behaviour The Farinograph measures resistance to mixing as a function of time. A standardised dough is mixed in a temperature-controlled bowl and the torque required to maintain mixing speed is recorded continuously. The resulting farinogram reveals several key parameters: The Farinograph is indispensable for characterising flour’s water absorption and its behaviour under sustained mixing — critical information for industrial bakers optimising dough process parameters. The Alveograph: Extensibility and Tenacity The Chopin Alveograph takes a different approach. A standardised dough piece is inflated like a bubble until it bursts. The pressure-volume curve generates three key values: P (tenacity/resistance), L (extensibility), and W (baking strength — the area under the curve). The P/L ratio expresses the balance between dough strength and extensibility. Which Should You Choose? Many mills run both. However, if resources require a choice: if your customers are industrial bakers focused on process consistency, the Farinograph is typically prioritised. If you supply craft bakers, export wheat for grading, or need to match specifications from French, Spanish, or Italian buyers, the Alveograph is the standard reference instrument in those markets. Fuhler Labor stocks verified pre-owned Chopin Alveographs and Brabender Farinographs, making it practical for smaller mills to access both platforms without the capital expenditure of new equipment.

Gluten Index vs. Wet Gluten: Understanding the Difference

Gluten quality is central to bread-making performance, yet two of the most commonly discussed gluten measurements — the Gluten Index and Wet Gluten content — are frequently confused. Understanding what each actually measures, and when to use one over the other, can significantly improve how you interpret your lab results. Wet Gluten Content: How Much Wet Gluten measures the total quantity of gluten protein in a flour sample, expressed as a percentage of the fresh sample weight. It is determined by washing a dough ball under running water until all starch and soluble proteins are removed, leaving only the gluten network behind. The result tells you how much gluten is present — but nothing about its quality or strength. Typical wet gluten values for bread wheat flour range from 25% to 35%. Higher values generally indicate more protein, but a flour with 32% wet gluten and weak gluten structure will still produce poor bread volume. Gluten Index: How Strong The Gluten Index, developed by Perten Instruments and standardised under ICC Method 158, goes further. After washing, the wet gluten is forced through a sieve in a gluten index centrifuge. The proportion that passes through the sieve versus the total gluten gives the Gluten Index — a value from 0 to 100. Using Both Together The most complete picture of gluten quality comes from combining both measurements. A flour with moderate wet gluten (27%) but a high Gluten Index (95) is likely to produce excellent bread. A flour with high wet gluten (34%) but a low Gluten Index (40) will disappoint bakers despite its protein content. Instruments such as the Perten Glutomatic 2200, available as a verified pre-owned unit through Fuhler Labor, perform both measurements in a single automated workflow, saving significant time in busy flour laboratory environments.

What Is the Falling Number Test and Why Does It Matter for Flour Quality?

If you work in a flour mill, grain trading house, or bakery, you have almost certainly encountered the term “Falling Number.” Yet despite being one of the most widely used tests in the cereal industry, many operators still struggle to explain exactly what it measures — and why a single number can determine whether a shipment is accepted or rejected. The Science Behind the Test The Falling Number method, standardised under ICC No. 107 and ISO 3093, measures the activity of alpha-amylase enzymes in wheat and rye flour. Alpha-amylase breaks down starch, and when enzyme activity is too high — typically due to pre-harvest sprouting — flour produces sticky, gummy bread with poor crumb structure. Too low, and bread lacks volume and texture. The test works by stirring a flour-water slurry in a boiling water bath and measuring how long a plunger takes to fall through the gelatinised starch paste. A high Falling Number (above 300 seconds) indicates low enzyme activity and structurally intact starch. A low number (below 200 seconds) signals excessive enzyme activity and damaged starch. What the Numbers Mean in Practice Equipment to Know The gold standard instruments used worldwide include the Perten FN 1800 and Bastak Falling Number 5000. At Fuhler Labor, we stock verified pre-owned units from these manufacturers, all tested for accuracy before listing. Purchasing a refurbished analyser can save up to 70% compared to a new unit while delivering identical measurement precision. For any mill or grain handler looking to make purchase decisions with confidence, the Falling Number test remains one of the most cost-effective quality checkpoints available.

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